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1. Belief and expectation of a third person in reference to a material fact is material and must be disclosed in marine insurance. The rule is different from the general rule where matters of belief, judgment or opinion of third persons (except experts) are not material.
2. Ordinarily, the matters need not be the cause of the loss. In marine insurance, there are
instances when matters, although concealed, will not vitiate the contract except when they
caused the loss:
a. National character of the insured;
b. Liability of insured thing to capture or detention;
c. Liability to seizure from breach of foreign laws;
d. Want of necessary documents; and,
e. Use of false or simulated papers
2. Ordinarily, the matters need not be the cause of the loss. In marine insurance, there are
instances when matters, although concealed, will not vitiate the contract except when they
caused the loss:
a. National character of the insured;
b. Liability of insured thing to capture or detention;
c. Liability to seizure from breach of foreign laws;
d. Want of necessary documents; and,
e. Use of false or simulated papers
